The Seebeck effect is understood as a special thermoelectric phenomenon that occurs when there is a temperature difference between two different electrical conductors or semiconductors. When one end of this system is heated, electrons tend to move from the hotter region to the cooler one, thereby creating a voltage and generating an electric current. This is one of the key mechanisms for converting thermal energy into electrical energy, opening up many potential applications in renewable energy and energy-saving technologies.
However, in practice, the amount of electricity generated by the Seebeck effect is usually very small, typically at the microvolt level, which limits its widespread application. Despite this limitation, scientists still recognize its great potential, especially in utilizing excess heat from engines or industrial systems—energy sources that are often wasted and not efficiently exploited.
Notably, the use of graphene has introduced a new approach to improving the efficiency of the Seebeck effect. When graphene is combined with Strontium Titanate, the effect can be significantly enhanced, even up to nearly five times compared to its original performance. As a result, the conversion of heat into electricity becomes more efficient, contributing to the development of more effective and environmentally friendly energy solutions in the future.
